Extraction processes (more precisely: solid-liquid extraction process) are used to separate soluble components from a solid sample.
Examples:
1. Determining the fat content in foods
2. Determining an impurity (e.g. PCB, abandoned armaments) in soil samples
3. Examining the components of natural substances.
Even brewing coffee is an extraction process. However, in the laboratory the focus is on completely dissolving the examined components from the sample under defined conditions and in a not unnecessarily diluted form. In the laboratory, solvents such as ligroin or hexane are used as extraction agents.
The objective of all extraction processes is to dissolve as much of the soluble components as possible with a specific amount of solvent. This is achieved by constantly vaporising the solvent and allowing it to drip into the sample from a reflux condenser. In contrast to a coffee machine, the same solvent is constantly sent back to the sample. The extracted component accumulates in the distillation flask.